DNA FINGERPRINTING TIMELINE
Throughout the last half century, many important scientific discoveries have been made that change the way we look at many scientific aspects of the world. One of these important discoveries that have changed the way we deal with some situations is DNA fingerprinting. A number of different events and discoveries make up the steps and processes that make up DNA fingerprinting that we know today. Below is a timeline that outlines important events/discoveries that relate to the technology of DNA fingerprinting.
· 1952- Discovery of Electrophoresis- separation technique that is based on the mobility of ions in an electric field.
· 1967- Identification and location of DNA Ligase
· 1970- Discovery of restriction enzymes
- Discovery of Reverse Transcriptase- an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA from an RNA template; it is needed for the replication of retroviruses.
· 1972- Cloning
· 1977- DNA sequencing- the discovery of DNA sequencing makes it possible to determine the exact order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
· 1967- Identification and location of DNA Ligase
· 1970- Discovery of restriction enzymes
- Discovery of Reverse Transcriptase- an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA from an RNA template; it is needed for the replication of retroviruses.
· 1972- Cloning
· 1977- DNA sequencing- the discovery of DNA sequencing makes it possible to determine the exact order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
· 1980- RFLP Concept (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) This discovery made it possible for molecular biologists to track a particular sequence of DNA as it passes from one cell to another.
· 1984- DNA Fingerprinting
· 1985- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
- First immigration case solved by DNA fingerprinting
- First paternity case soled by DNA fingerprinting
- First identification of identical twins using DNA Fingerprinting
· 1986- First criminal investigation to implement DNA fingerprinting evidence
· 1988- First detailed description of the rate of mutation in humans at the DNA level
· 1984- DNA Fingerprinting
· 1985- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
- First immigration case solved by DNA fingerprinting
- First paternity case soled by DNA fingerprinting
- First identification of identical twins using DNA Fingerprinting
· 1986- First criminal investigation to implement DNA fingerprinting evidence
· 1988- First detailed description of the rate of mutation in humans at the DNA level
· Early 1990’s- First to develop sperm analysis technology
· 1992- Identification of Josef Mengele by DNA analysis from skeletal remains
· 1998- Sequencing by synthesis- this is where sequencing can be made faster and cheaper and also in large amounts.
- Full length cDNA technologies
· 2002- Launch of UCSC Genome Browser
· 2003- DNA Assembly Programs
· 1992- Identification of Josef Mengele by DNA analysis from skeletal remains
· 1998- Sequencing by synthesis- this is where sequencing can be made faster and cheaper and also in large amounts.
- Full length cDNA technologies
· 2002- Launch of UCSC Genome Browser
· 2003- DNA Assembly Programs